Particulate matter poses a growing threat to air quality and public health. To effectively understand the effects and assess the hazardousness of particles, it is necessary to study them on a molecular level. Raman spectroscopy emerges as an effective method for revealing the chemical composition of airborne particles at the microscopic scale.

Microplastics are tiny particles of synthetic polymers, insoluble in water, ranging in size between 1 µm and 5 mm. They have been found in the environment, as well as in drinking water and food, and are therefore recognized as emerging particulate anthropogenic pollutants. They are persistent in nature and raise public concern due to their potentially harmful effects on the health of living organisms and the environment.

Raman and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopies are two such techniques that have become vital in the field of art analysis. Raman spectroscopy provides detailed information on the molecular composition of pigments and materials, while XRF spectroscopy reveals the elemental makeup, allowing us to trace the origins of the materials used by artists.

Today, the issue of hydrogen plays a central role in energy transition strategies. Whether considering low or high-temperature fuel cells, Raman spectroscopy emerges as a powerful tool to explore these technologies and support renewable energy production.